Articles, nouns, pronouns, etc.

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Bài 49 - MẠO TỪ “A”, “AN” HOẶC “THE” (1)


1. So sánh “a” và “an”:

Chúng ta sử dụng “a” trước những từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l. . .):

a dentist; a big car; a boy

Chúng ta cũng dùng “a” trước “u” (khi nghe âm giống như từ “you”) và trước “eu”:

university (nghe giống “you”): a university

a European city

Chúng ta dùng “an” trước những từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u):

an apple; an interesting film

Chúng ta cũng dùng “an” trước những từ bắt đầu bằng chữ h “câm”.

So sánh: “hour” và “house”:
hour (âm: 'our'): an hour
house: a house


2. So sánh “a/an” và “the”:

Mark: I bought a cassette player and a TV yesterday.

Julia: Was the cassette player expensive?

Chúng ta thường dùng “a /an” với danh từ để nói về người hoặc vật lần đầu tiên:

a cassette player

Chúng ta sử dụng “the” khi nhắc đến người hay vật một lần nữa:

the cassette player (= the one that Mark bought)


3. Có một số cách dùng đặc biệt về “a/an” và “the”:

Chúng ta sử dụng “a/an” với giá, tần suất và tốc độ:

It costs £10 a kilo.

I drink about three cups of tea a day.

You're driving at forty miles an hour!

Chúng ta sử dụng “a/an” trước “hundred”, “thousand”, “million”:

a hundred people; a thousand dollars

Chúng ta dùng “a/an” để nói về công việc:

I’m a bank clerk.

Chúng ta sử dụng “the” khi chỉ có một vật gì đó:

May I turn on the TV? (There is only one TV in the room.)

Where's Maria? ~ She's in the living-room.
(There is only one living-room in the house)

Chúng ta sử dụng “the” với nhạc cụ:

I play the guitar. Janis plays the violin.

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MẠO TỪ: “A”, “AN”, “THE” (1)

BÀI TẬP:

A. Điền “a” hoặc “an” vào chỗ trống.

1. I bought __a__ new computer yesterday.

2. It's __an__old film.

3. She's reading ________ interesting book.

4. They've got_______house in Italy.

5. It's_______cheap restaurant.

6. He's _______Russian businessman.

7. The trip took______ hour.

8. We've lost______ black dog.

9. I want to buy_______ umbrella.

10. It was _______ difficult exam.

B. Bây giờ hãy kết thúc mỗi câu sử dụng "a" hoặc "an" kết hợp với cụm từ chính xác từ hộp sau.

European country	Indian river	American director	university town
French city	English airport	German car

Steven Green is an American director.

Paris________________________.
Heathrow is___________________
The Ganges is_________________
Oxford is_____________________
A Mercedes is__________________
Spain is_______________________

C. Jim Brown muốn mua bảo hiểm. Nhân viên từ công ty bảo hiểm, ông Paul, đang phỏng vấn ông ta. Điền “a”, “an” hoặc “the” vào khoảng trống trong những đoạn hội thoại sau.

* Mr Paul: Hello, my name is Paul. I am from (►) ___an__insurance company.
I have (►) ___a__ form with some questions. Your name is Jim Brown.
Do you have (1)____ middle name?

* Mr Brown: Yes, my full name is Jim Brown.

* Mr. Paul: All right. Now, where do you live, Mr Brown?

* Mr Brown: I live in (2)______ house in Peckham.

* Mr. Paul: Peckham, I see. And what is your job?

* Mr Brown: I'm (3)______ scientist. I work for (4)________ government.

* Mr Paul: Do you work in (5)________ laboratory or in (6)_________office?

* Mr Brown: I work in (7)______ small office in (8)______ centre of London.

* Mr Paul: And how do you get to (9)_______ office from Peckham?

* Mr Brown: I usually take (10)________ underground.

* Mr Paul: What is your salary, Mr Brown?

* Mr Brown: Well, I earn almost £35,000 (11)______ year.

* Mr Paul: Now, your family. You're married, aren't you?

* Mr Brown: Yes, and we have two children, (12)_____ girl and (13)_____ boy. (14)________ girl is sixteen and (15)________ boy is fourteen.

* Mr Paul: Fine. And you want to take out (16)________ insurance policy for £100,000. Is that right?

* Mr Brown: Yes, that's right.

* Mr Paul: Well, that’s all. Can you sign (17)________form here at (18)________bottom? Thank you.

D. Có một vài lỗi trong những câu sau đây. Đánh dấu (V) nếu bạn nghĩ từ gạch dưới là đúng. Gạch ngang từ đó và sửa lại cho đúng nếu bạn nghĩ nó bị sai.

I'm not sure what she does, but I think she's a (V) nurse.

I saw the a thousand different things when I was on holiday.

1. Be careful! That perfume costs £500 a ………bottle.

2. We must invite her to the cocktail party. She plays a ……… piano and a ………guitar.

3. A: What does Paul do?
B: I'm not sure, but I think he is the ……… teacher in a school.

4. She likes to drive at the ………. hundred miles an hour.

5. I play the ……… violin in an orchestra. They pay me £100 the………day!

6. I've got the …………. hundred jobs to do before we leave.

7. A: Is my backpack in the living-room?
B: No, it isn’t. I saw it in a.............. kitchen.

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Bài 50. MẠO TỪ: “A/AN”, “THE” HOẶC KHÔNG CÓ MẠO TỪ (2)



1. Chúng ta sử dụng “a/an” với danh từ số ít:

He was writing a letter.

I saw an interesting film yesterday.


2. Hãy xem ví dụ sau:

When I arrived, Jack was reading a magazine.

Chúng ta sử dụng “a/an” khi không cần thiết nói rõ vật cụ thể mà chúng ta đề cập đến. Trong ví dụ trên: có nhiều cuốn tạp chí và Jack đang đọc một trong những cuốn đó.

Chúng ta sử dụng “a/an” để nói về công ăn việc làm của ai đó:

Fred is an architect. (= There are lots of architects; Fred is one.)

Chúng ta sử dụng “a/an” để mô tả đồ vật hoặc con người:

They have a nice house.

(= There are lots of nice houses; they have one.)

Jack is a new friend of mine.


3. Chúng ta sử dụng “the” với danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều:

the book; the books

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng “the” với danh từ không đếm được (chẳng hạn như “music”, “water”, “food”, “education”):

The food is in the fridge.

Lưu ý:

* “danh từ không đếm được” không được dùng ở số nhiều (không viết: two musics, three waters).

* chúng ta không dùng “a/an” với danh từ không đếm được (không dùng: a music, a water).


4. Chúng ta sử dụng “the” khi biết rõ người hoặc vật mà chúng tôi đang nói đến:

Janis was reading a book. She closed the book.

(= She closed the book that she was reading.)

Alice likes music, but she doesn't like the music that Jack sings.

Michael’s gone to the shops. (= the local shops)

She's in the living-room. (= the living-room in this house)

I must go to the bank. (= my bank, where I keep my money)

the centre/the station/the airport (in a city)

the River Nile (There is only one.)

the government in my country


5. Chúng ta không dùng “the” trước danh từ số nhiều (chẳng hạn như “vegetables”) hoặc danh từ không đếm được (chẳng hạn như “education”, “music”) khi chúng ta đang nói về cái gì đó nói chung:

Do you like vegetables? (= any vegetables)

I think music is very wonderful.


6. Chúng tôi không dùng “the” trước tên của ngôn ngữ, tên bữa ăn, tên thành phố, đa số các quốc gia và các đường phố, và tên của sân bay, nhà ga, những ngọn núi đơn lẻ hoặc hồ:

She speaks English.

She lives in Beijing in China. (Nhưng chúng ta nói: the U.S.A., the United Kingdom.)

What time will breakfast be?

from Tan Son Nhat Airport to Nguyen Van Troi Street.

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MẠO TỪ: “A/AN”, “THE” VÀ KHÔNG CÓ MẠO TỪ (2)

BÀI TẬP:

A. Điền “a”, “an” hoặc “the” vào chỗ trống nếu cần thiết hoặc để trống nếu thấy không bắt buộc.

► I want to put some money into my bank account, so I'm going to the bank this afternoon. It's in Oxford Street.

1. I had ______pizza for______lunch today.

2. We flew to _______ Dublin Airport in ______ Ireland.


3. It was _____ long flight, but eventually we arrived in_______U.K.

4. I'm trying to learn _____ Korean. I'm having _____ lesson
tomorrow.

5. He made ___ angry speech against______ government.

6. She is_____famous actress and she is appearing in______popular TV series.

7. They live in Paris in ______ area near to ______River Seine.

8. They've bought_____ small flat in _____ King Street

B. Hoàn thành những câu sau bằng cách thêm vào “a”, “an”, “the” nếu thấy cần thiết. Để trống nếu thấy không cần thiết phải điền. (Lưu ý là những từ sau trong bài tập này là danh từ không đếm được: music, fuel, education, fish, food, coffee, exercise.)

► She read the emails that had arrived that afternoon.

1. It was a nice day, so we had _____ lunch in _____ garden of her house.

2. I'm just going to_____shops. I'll be back in a few minutes.

3. We phoned for____taxi to take us to _____ station.

4. I like listening to ____ music when I come home.

5. Without____ fuel, _____ motorbikes don't work.

6. Julia was at home. She was reading _____ magazine in_____bed-room.

7. His parents believe that______ education is a very important thing.

8. Janis doesn't like ______fish; she never eats it.

9. After____ lunch, I washed _____plates and glasses.

10. Did you like ____ food at ____party yesterday?

11. A: Where's _____ tea? B: It's in _____ cupboard next to _____ sink.

12. Doctors say that____ exercise is good for everybody.


C. Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại này bằng cách điền “a”, “an” hoặc “the” nếu thấy cần thiết. Để trống trong trường hợp không bắt buộc phải điền vào.

Michael: Is Mary (►) a student at your university?

Rose: No, she's (1)_____ old friend of mine. We were at school together.

Michael: What does she do now?

Rose: She's (2)_____ computer programmer. She's not English, you know. She comes from (3)_____ Brazil, but she's living in (4)____ U.S.A. at the moment.

Michael: Has she got (5)_____ job there?

Rose: Yes, she's working for (6)_____ big company there.

Michael: Do you send (7)_____ emails to each other?

Rose: Yes, and I had (8)______ long email from her yesterday.

Michael: What did she say in (9)______ email?

Rose: She said that she was living in (10)_____nice apartment in (11)____ centre of (12)_____California.

D. Hoàn thành câu chuyện sau bằng cách điền “a”, “an” hoặc “the” vào chỗ trống.

Yesterday, I was sitting on (►) the 8 o'clock train when I saw (1)_____ strange man walking along the platform. He came into the carriage of (2)_____ train where I was sitting, and he sat in the seat opposite mine. He opened (3)______ newspaper and started reading it. On (4)_____ front page of (5)_______ newspaper, there was (6)______ picture of (7)_____thief. The words under (8)_____ picture were: 'Wanted by the police'. It was (9)_____ same man!

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Bài 51 – DANH TỪ SỐ NHIỀU; ONE VÀ ONES


1. Chúng ta thường tạo thành danh từ số nhiều bằng cách thêm –s:

SỐ ÍT	SỐ NHIỀU
a book	some books
one student	three students
the dog	the dogs

2. one và ones

Đôi khi chúng ta sử dụng “one” thay vì lặp lại danh từ số ít:

I'm going to buy a drink. Would you like one?

Our house is the one with the green door.

Hoặc, chúng ta dùng “ones” thay vì danh từ số nhiều:

Shall I send the red books or the green ones to her?

These suitcases are heavier than those ones.


3. Chúng ta thường dùng “Which one ...?” và “Which ones ...?” trong câu hỏi:

Shop assistant: Which one would you like, the black shirt or the pink one?


Mike: I'd like the pink one, please


Jim: I like the black and white photographs. Which ones do you like? The

black and white ones or the color ones?

Susie: I prefer the color ones.

Nhưng chúng ta tạo thành một số danh từ số nhiều theo các cách khác nhau như sau:

man	—► men	+ -es
woman	—► women	bus	—►	buses
child	—► children	kiss	—►	kisses
person	—► people	wish	—►	wishes
foot	—► feet	watch	—►	watches
tooth	—► teeth	match	—►	matches
sheep	—► sheep	box	—►	boxes
mouse	—► mice	potato	—►	potatoes
fish	fish	tomato	—►	tomatoes
-y	—► -ies	-f/-fe	—►	-ves
family	—► families	loaf	—►	loaves
city	—► cities	wife	—►	wives
country	—► countries	knife	—►	knives

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DANH TỪ SỐ NHIỀU; ONE VÀ ONES

BÀI TẬP:

A. Đánh dấu (V) vào dạng đúng của những danh từ số nhiều sau và gạch đi những từ sai.

tooths knives matches wishs matchs citys

cities men countries potatoes teeth familys

wishes tomatos mousse wifes wives countrys

tomatoes potatos mans mice knifes families

B. Viết lại câu trong ngoặc đơn ( ), thay một trong những từ cho sẵn bằng one hoặc ones.

He's just bought a new suit.
(It's a blue suit.) It’s a blue one.

A: Who is your favourite actress?
B: (The actress that I like best is Chuong Tu Di.) The one that I like best is Chuong Tu Di.

1. I'm going to buy a lemon juice.
(Would you like a lemon juice?) _______________________________

2. The chocolate cakes are popular.
(But the orange cakes are more delicious.)______________________

3. A: Which house do you like?
B: (I like the house with the red door.)_____________________________

4. I bought a blue skirt last time.
(This time I want a green skirt.) ________________________________

5. Japanese is a difficult language.
(There isn't an easy language.) __________________________________

6. A: Where did you put the photos?
B: (Do you mean the photos that we took in France?)
____________________________________


C. Mike và Daisy đang mua đồ cho căn hộ mới. Hoàn thành đoạn đối thoại với one hoặc ones.

Daisy: Here's the china department. We need some cups.

Mike: Do we want large (►) ones or small (1)______?

Daisy: Small (2)____ are best.

Mike: But I like tea in a large cup.

Daisy: OK, put six small cups and a large (3)_____ in the basket.

Mike: What about a teapot? There's a metal (4)_____ and a nice china

(5)_______. Which (6)______ do you like?

Daisy: I prefer the china (7)______.

Mike: It's similar to the little cups but it's not like my big (8)________.

Daisy: Well, it doesn't have to be exactly the same. Now, we also need

knives.

Mike: Can't we use the (9)_________that my mother gave us?

Daisy: Well, I suppose the big (10)_______ for bread is all right, but we

certainly need some little (11)______ for vegetables and a sharp

(12)_______for meat.

Mike: All right. Where are the knives?

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Bài 52. THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE


1. Hãy xem những ví dụ sau:

This exercise is easy to do.

These are very cheap!

What is that?

Did you eat those cakes?


2. Sau đây là hình thức số ít và số nhiều:

SINGULAR (SỐ ÍT)		PLURAL (SỐ NHIỀU)
this book		these books
that book		those books

Chúng ta dùng “this”, “that”, “these”, “those” với danh từ (ví dụ: painting, cake)

I like this painting.

Those cakes are delicious.

Chúng ta dùng “this”, “that”, “these”, “those” mà không có danh từ khi nghĩa rõ ràng.

Ví dụ:

A student has just finished his homework, and he says to his friend:

That was easy! (That = the homework)

Michael meets his mother at the station. He picks up her bags, and he

says:

These are heavy! (These = the bags)


3. Chúng ta sử dụng “this” và “these” cho những vật ở gần chúng ta, và “that”, “those” cho những thứ ở xa.

Look at this!

Look at those!


4. Những sự việc hiện đang xảy ra ở bên cạnh chúng ta đúng giờ, chúng ta sử dụng “this” và “these”:

Jack (at a concert):

Some of these songs are marvelous.

Đối với những sự việc kết thúc rồi mà không gần gũi chúng ta nữa, chúng ta dùng “that” hoặc “those”:

Jack (after leaving the concert):

Some of those songs were marvelous.

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THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE

BÀI TẬP:


A. Điền “this” hoặc “these” vào chỗ trống.

► I'd like to buy this suit, please. How much is it?

Could you tell me where______bus goes, please?

______ exercises are difficult. Could you help me?

______ strawberries are mine. Yours are on the table.

______ is wonderful! I love a hot bath before bedtime.

Have you got some cheaper wedding rings?_____are very expensive.

Điền “that” hoặc “those” vào chỗ trống.

Look at_____ clouds. I'm sure it's going to rain.

Did you enjoy______play? I thought it was boring.

Let's cross the road. ______taxi is free.

_______ flats are all very expensive, because they're in the centre of city.

_______ was nice! I was so hungry.


B. Điền “this”, “that”, “these” hoặc “those” vào chỗ trống trong những đối thoại sau.

Jimmy: It's very pleasant to sit here on (►) this terrace in the middle of
(1)_____ mountains.

Alice: Yes, and the food is good. (2)_____ strawberries are delicious.

Jimmy: Delicious, yes, but (3)_____ one's bad. What are (4)_____ people
over there eating?

Alice: Oh, (5)______ is fondue. It's made with cheese. You see, they take one of (6)______ little pieces of bread and then dip it in (7)______ pot with
the cheese in it.

Jimmy: We can try (8)_______ if we come again.

Alice: All the local restaurants serve it. So if we don't come back here, we can have it at (9)______ little restaurant in the village.

Jimmy: Yes, but in the village you don't have (10)_______ wonderful view of the mountains.

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Bài 53. DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC VÀ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC


1. Hầu hết các danh từ đều có hình thức số ít và số nhiều:

house/houses

cat/cats

woman/women

Chúng ta gọi những danh từ này là danh từ đếm được bởi vì chúng ta có thể đếm được chúng:

one house

two cats

three women

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng “a”, “some” và ”the” với danh từ đếm được:

	SỐ ÍT	SỐ NHIỀU
a	a dog	---
some	---	some dogs
the	the dog	the dogs

2. Một số danh từ chỉ có một dạng:

Water; bread; petrol; golf; tennis; rain

Chúng ta gọi những từ trên là danh từ không đếm được vì chúng ta không thể đếm được chúng.

rain (không đếm được)

cars (đếm được)

Chúng ta không dùng “a” hoặc “one”, “two”, “three”… trước danh từ không đếm được, nhưng chúng ta có thể dùng với “some” hoặc “the”:

a:	We need to buy meat and salt.
some:	Let's stop the car. We need some petrol.
the:	Look at the rain!

3. Sau đây là danh sách danh từ thường không đếm được, và một vài từ chúng ta sử dụng trước chúng:

A glass/bottle of water/milk

A cup of tea/coffee

A spoonful of sugar/coffee

A slice/piece of bread/cake/toast/cheese

A piece of information/luggage/news/advice/homework

Some money/petrol/snow

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng “some” với tất cả những từ này. Chúng ta cũng sử dụng “grams”, “kilos”, “litres” v.v… ở các cửa hàng:

Can I have two kilos of beef, please?


4. Một số danh từ có thể đếm được hoặc không đếm được:

* Không đếm được:

I like coffee.

Her hair is black.

I haven't got time.

I always have sugar in my coffee.

* Đếm được:

I'll have two coffees, please. (= cups of coffee)

There's a hair in my coffee.

We had a good time.

Three sugars in my tea, please.

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DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC VÀ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC

BÀI TẬP:


A. Gạch đi những danh từ không đếm được bên dưới.

dog	cat	butter	cheese	coat	rain	lemon
advice	clock	table	tea	ball	museum	apple
painting	petrol	news	cigar	teacher	film	snow
holiday	office	bed	pen	sugar	homework	watch
tennis	doctor	cinema	luggage	chair	banana	information
cup	coffee	shoe	shirt	money	exam	hour
house	park	toast	sock	nose	water	school
bread	book	jumper	cloud	milk	bike	television

B. Chọn từ chính xác trong ngoặc đơn để điền vào những câu sau.

1. (slice, piece, cup) I'd like a cup of tea, please.

2. (glass, slice, spoonful) Would you like a _____ of butter on your toast?

3. (pieces, cups, bottles) My father gave me two ____ of advice.

4. (slice, bottle, piece) Could you buy a _____ of milk at the shops?

5. (spoonful, piece, cup) That was a difficult_____ of homework!

6. (glass, piece, slice) Would you give me a _____ of milk, please?

7. (slices, cups, pieces) How many_____ of paper do you have?

8. (spoonfuls, glasses, cups) I normally take three _____ of sugar in my tea.

9. (pieces, slices, litres) I've just put forty_____of petrol in the car.

10. (piece, slice, glass) I need a _____ of information.

11. (piece, kilo, slice) I'd like half a _____ of tea, please.


C. Đánh dấu (V) nếu câu đúng, và dấu (X) câu sai.

► We live in a house. (V)

I have some cheeses. (X)

1. Two coffees, please.

2. The car needs a petrol.

3. She takes a milk in her tea.

4. Please buy some sugar.

5. Mary likes tea; I prefer coffee.

6. Two kilos of a bread.

7. He's got some new VCDs.

8. We have two exercises

9. Two glasses of water.

10. I need some information.

11. A table and two chairs.

12. We need some bananas.

13. Give me two toasts.

14. Have we got a butter?

15. A snow comes in winter.

16. I like some egg for breakfast.

17. Give me some cup of tea.

18. I can see some young women.

19. Tom doesn't eat beef.

20. Can you see the star?

D. Điền một từ trong hộp vào mỗi ô trống trong những câu sau.

a (x2); bottle; cartons; cup (x2); pieces; slice (x2); some (x3); the (x4); two (x2)

e.g. My father has a car.

1. After school I have a ____of bread with ____ butter on it.

2. Daisy has got three _____ of luggage.

3. Susie always has a _____of coffee after lunch.

4. For this experiment we need a ____ with ____water in it.

5. We want _____ coffees, please - one white and one black.

6. We must stop at a garage and put_____ petrol in ____ car.

7. How much is ____ bottle of Coke at_____ supermarket.

8. There are two ______ of milk in ______ fridge.

9. Can I have a ______ of tea and a _______ of cake, please.

10. There are ______ hairs in ______ bath. Both are long and blond.